Bakeng sa ba bangata, tšoaetso ea tšoaetso e sala e le ntho e makatsang. Empa sena ke sesebelisoa se seholo sa bophelo bo botle, maikutlo le boleng ba motho leha e le ofe ea phelang. Ho itšireletsa mafung (ho tloha Latin immunitas - "tokoloho") ho bolela ts'ireletso, ho lahla 'mele ho tsoa mefuteng e sa tšoaneng ea tšoaetsano, lihlahisoa tsa mosebetsi oa bona oa bohlokoa, ho tsoa chefo le lisele tsa tumor. Ka bokhutšoanyane, ho tloha ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e ka lematsang.
Tšireletso ea 'mele ea mmele e emeloa ke ' mele e khethehileng, ka litsela tse ngata e tšoana le tsamaiso ea naha ea tšireletso.
E boetse e arotsoe ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea masole, e le feela mekhatlo ea thuto ea sesole le ea mofuta o mong le mofuta oa bolaoli ba bolaoli. Likarolo tsa tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung li arotsoe ka sehloohong (moo lisele tsa' mele li "koetlisitsoeng") le tse bobeli (moo li "sebetsang").
Litho tsa motheo ke thymus le 'mala o mofubelu oa masapo. Lisele tse ka sehloohong tsa ho itšireletsa mafung ke lymphocytes. Ba romeloa setsing se phahameng sa thuto (thymus). Lena ke lebitso la lisele tse "koetlisitsoeng" - T-lymphocyte tse tsoang T (thymus), ho fapana le li-lymphocyte tsa B (tse tsoang B-bursa), e bitsoang mokotla oa fektheri linonyana, le hoja batho ba e-na le karolo e etsoang ke 'mala o mofubelu, li-lymphocyte li kenyeletsa ho hlahisa li-antibodies, liprotheine tsa mali ea serum, tse sireletsang ka ho toba 'mele ho likokoana-hloko. "Koetliso" ea thymus e ikemiselitse ho hlahisa karolo ea li-lymphocyte tse khonang ho lemoha batho ba kenang, ho akarelletsa le libaktheria. Ena ke mokhoa oa mofuta o mong oa bohlale.
Boholo ba T-lymphocyte e ba babolai (ba bolaeang), ba senya mahlahana a lira tseo lisele tsa scout li li khethileng. Li-T-lymphocyte tse setseng li etsa mosebetsi oa taolo: Bathusi-T (bathusi) ba ntlafatsa tšireletso, ba hlokomele feela basele, empa le baetsalibe bao e leng ba bona. Li-degenerate joalo ke, ka mohlala, lisele tse nang le lisele. Bafani ba tlaleha bohareng - seleng e tsosolositsoe hape, e fetohile sera 'me e ka qala mokhoa oa ho thehoa ha hlahala ea kankere. Ha ba arabela pontšo ena, babolai ba T ba romeloa ho "moeki" 'me ba e bolaee. Ho boetse ho na le li-lymphocytes tse fokolang (ho tloha Senyesemaneng tse thibelang - "thibela"), e thibelang karabelo ea' mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ka mor'a hore basele le baetsalibe ba se ke ba e-ba kotsi. Ho seng joalo, bahlaseli ba sebelisitsoeng ba ka beha mocheso ka inertia le lisele tsa matsoalloa.
Li-leukocytes tsa mofuta o mong (neutrophils) li etsa mola oa pele oa tšireletso. Ho tšoana le balebeli ba meeli ba pele bao e leng ba pele ho kopana le batho bao u sa ba tsebeng, ho akarelletsa le likokoana-hloko le likokoana-hloko tse phunyeletsang likokoanyana kapa letlalo. "Balebeli ba meeli" ba boetse ba hloekisa bosiu bo senyehileng le bo lemetseng ho tloha lisele tse shoeleng ka ntoa e sa lekanyetsoang le likokoana-hloko, esita le ho "erythrocyte" ea khale. Mohlomong bohle ba utloile ka interferon, e leng hona joale, e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa ka mafu a likokoana-hloko. Interferon ke eng? Ke kokoana-hloko e tlaase ea li-molecular e nang le lithibela-hloko. E qala ho hlahisa lisele tse nang le kokoana-hloko. Interferon e thibela ho ata ha likokoana-hloko ka liseleng, 'me e nka lisele tse sa lefelloeng' me ha li lumelle batho ba ka ntle hore ba ee moo. Ho na le mefuta ea lekocyte (eosinophils) e ka kenyelletsang ho timetsoa ha likokoana-hloko tse tšoaetsang 'mele, hammoho le liphello tse fokolang. Ba boetse ba bitsa banna-'moho le bona ho thusa, kahoo nomoro ea bona maling e eketsa.
Likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa tšireletso ke spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, adenoids, appendix, lymphatic follicles. Ba, joaloka lisele tsa ho itšireletsa mafung, li hasane ho pholletsa le 'mele. Tsena ke boitsebiso bo bonolo haholo mabapi le mekhoa ea ho itšireletsa mafung Empa li tla re thusa ho utloisisa lingoliloeng tse ratoang ka bophelo bo botle le ho utloisisa hore na re ka matlafatsa tšireletso ea bona joang, e leng ea bona, haholo-holo bana.
Li-probiotics le li-prebiotics
Mefuta e meng ea likokoana-hloko (lactococci, enterococci, micrococci, bifidobacteria) e sireletsa 'mele ea rona ho liphello tse bohloko tsa mahlaseli, lik'hemik'hale tse kotsi le likokoana-mafu. Motheong oa litso tsa likokoana-hloko tsena, bo-rasaense ba entse li-biologics bakeng sa ntlafatso ea mala a entsoeng ka maleng le lihlahisoa tsa lebese. Li bitsoa probiotics. Ha e le hantle, mekhoa ena e meholo ea likokoana-hloko ke li-colonist, tse rometsoeng ho nts'etsa pele masimo a macha maleng. Likokoana-hloko tse sebetsang li sireletsa 'mele ho batho bao u sa ba tsebeng. Hona joale ho etsoa litokisetso tse rarahaneng, tse kenyelletsang likokoana-hloko tse nang le thuso le lintho tse etsang hore li hōle. Lintho tsena li bitsoa li-prebiotics. Tsena li kenyeletsa fiber, li-pectin, li-enzyme le livithamine ka bomong, hammoho le polysaccharides le liprotheine. Ba bitsoa ho etsa maemo a monate bakeng sa bo-ralikolone, ho ba thusa hore ba fumane sebaka se secha le ho ba baahi ba maemong a fapaneng a mala. Lintho tsena tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa, li-prebiotics, ha li na lijo tse lekaneng haholo, tse loketseng ho ja, tse kang li-porridges tsa nakoana le tsa nakoana, litapole tse mashed, jellies, lero. Lihlahisoa tse hloekisitsoeng li ntle feela bakeng sa masea, ao mekhoa ea ho senya lijo e thehoang feela 'me ha e e-s'o sebetsane ka katleho le ho tšoana ha lijo tsa tlhaho. Lik'hemik'hale tsa likokoana-hloko tsena le tse ling tse sebetsang (li-probiotics le li-prebiotics) li sebelisetsoa ho ntlafatsa lihlahisoa tse entsoeng tsa lebese 'me li thehiloe ho kefirbiobalanses, lino tse nang le mefuta e mengata ea meroho, joalo-joalo. Meriana (litlhare) litokisetso tsa li-probiotics li sebelisoa ho ea ka ngaka ea ngaka ea dysbacteriosis, le lihlahisoa tsa lebese tse bolila tse ntlafalitsoeng le litloaelo tsena tse phelang likokoana-hloko li boetse li thusa masea a phetseng hantle hore a lule a e-na le bothata ba "mala" a mala.
Lihahi tsa liprotheine
Tlhokomeliso: lisebelisoa tsohle tsa tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ke li-proteine. Kahoo, bakeng sa kaho ea bona ho hlokahala ho kenyelletsa lihlahisoa tsa protheine lijong tsa lijo.
Liprotheine tse nang le phepo e lokela ho ba tse feletseng, tse nang le setulo se feletseng sa amino acid e lakatsehang.
Nama ena, lebese le lihlahisoa tsa lebese, mahe, litlhapi. Ho etsahala'ng haeba ngoana a fuoa menose ho e-na le nama ea tlhaho, hosasane ho e-na le chisi ea cottage - keseke e khantseng, letsatsing le latelang hoseng ho e-na le litlhapi-sehlahisoa se bitsoang tlhapi se fokolang lithupa tsa nama? Ka tlhaho, ho haelloa ke thepa ea mohaho bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse sebelisang ts'ireletso ea 'mele, ho tla ama matla a bona.
Ho sireletsa ngoana
Ho kotsing ha sebōpeho sa ngoana ho tšoaetsanoang ho hlokomeloe ka nako e telele. "Bophelo ba ngoana ea ka tlase ho lilemo tse supileng bo fanyehoa ke khoele," ba ile ba re ho mehleng ea boholo-holo, ha ho joalo, mehleng ea kajeno boemo bo fetohile haholo.
Nakong ea ho qhoma ha lefu la tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko e boima, nka mohopolo oa ntja oa ema letsatsi le leng le le leng! Ho eona, ho phaella ho vithamine C, ho boetse ho na le beta-carotene ea bohlokoa haholo, le provitamin A.