Tsela e 'ngoe ea ho fokotsa palo ea ho ntša mpa - ho na le ho sebelisoa ha lithibela-pelehi.
Khetho ea mekhoa ea thibelo ea bokhachane e etsoa ho nahanngoa ka lintlha tse ngata - tse seng tsa thibelo ea bokhachane tse ka sebelisetsoang ho ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba basali le ho thibela maloetse a mangata a basali, botšepehi ba mokhoa, ts'ireletseho ea bona, le boikutlo ba motho ka mong ho mosali ho thibela pelehi. Katleho ea meriana efe kapa efe ea thibelo ea bokhachane e bontšoa ke index ea Perl e khetholloang ke palo ea bokhachane ho basali ba 100 ba sebelisitseng mokhoa ona selemo.
Har'a mekhoa ea thibelo ea bokhachane e khetholla:
- hormonal
- lisebelisoa tsa intrauterine
- thibelo
- ho buoa
- Postcoital.
Hormonal mokhoa oa ho thibela pelehi.
Ho finyella sena, mekhoa e joalo e sebelisoa:
- ho kopantsoe (estrogen-gestagenic) ho thibela pelehi ka lentsoe;
- li-gestagenic contraceptive oral (mili-drank);
- Meriana ea thibelo ea thibelo ea kokoana-hloko ea nako e telele;
- Ho hlahisa lithibela-pelehi.
Ho na le likarolo tse le 'ngoe tse nang le progesine e le' ngoe feela le tse kopantsoeng ka thibelo ea bokhachane.
Meriana-hloko ea ho thibela pelehi ea molomo e kopantseng (COCs) ke mahlahana a sebetsang haholo a na le karolo ea estrogenic le progesational.
COC e thibela tlhahiso ea li-hormone tse tlatsetsang ho hlahisa likokoana-hloko. Liphetoho ho endometrium, ha u ntse u nka COC, u se ke ua lumella lehe le emolisitsoeng ho kenngoa. Hape le COC thuso ea ho fokotsa mali a lahlehileng nakong ea ho ilela khoeli, fokotsa nako ea ho ea khoeling, bohloko, ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho hlaolela maloetse a itseng a ho ruruha.
Mefokolo e kenyelletsa maemo ao ka linako tse ling a hlahang ha a nka COC. Lekhetlo la pele, sena ke bofetoheli bo se nang bohlokoa, hlooho ea mohopolo, setenelo, boikutlo bo ntseng bo mpefala.
Melemo ea mokhoa ona ke : katleho e phahameng, boiketlo ba tšebeliso ea mosebetsi, ho pheta-pheta, phello e nepahetseng mosebetsing oa ho beha bana le ka kakaretso ho 'mele oa basali (letlalo, moriri) o ntlafatsa. Basali ba nang le nako e telele le ka nako e telele (bonyane lilemo tse 2) ba nka COC haholo ho fokotsa makhetlo a mangata a maloetse a tsoaloang a lenane la tsoalo, tsoelo-pele ea ho se tsotelle le ho senyeha ha masapo.
Ho hanyetsa ho sebelisoa ha COC ke bokhachane, mathata a li-vascular hona joale kapa ka anamnesis (khatello ea kelello, thrombophlebitis, IHS, strokes). U ke ke ua tsuba basali ka mor'a lilemo tse 35, ka lefu la sebete le tsamaeang le tlōlo ea molao oa eona, litlolo tse itšetlehileng ka li-hormone, boteng ba ho tsoa mali ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang oa likokoanyana, botenya.
Li-Gestagenic tsa ho thibela pelehi tsa thobalano .
Li kenyeletsa feela progestins. Li-contraceptive tsa gestagenic li atleha ho basali ba baholo. Hangata li laeloa ho ea khoeling e bohloko le e feteletseng, mastalgia, premenstrual syndrome. E 'ngoe ea maemo a bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke hore lithethefatsi tsa gestagenic li ka nkoa nakong ea lactation.
Meriana ea thibelo ea thibelo ea kokoana-hloko e telele.
Ho na le metsoako ea thibelo ea thibelo ea meriana ea estrogen-gestagenic le karolo e le 'ngoe ea motsoako, e akarelletsang progestogens ea khato e telele. Sehlopha sena sa lithethefatsi, se tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ke depot-provera.
Haufinyane, ba sebelisa lithethefatsi tsa gestagenic implantation . litokisetso tsena ka mokhoa oa li-capsules li kenngoa ka tlas'a letlalo. Sena se fana ka phello ea thibelo ea bokhachane ka lilemo tse hlano.
Intrauterine lisebelisuoa tsa thibelo ea bokhachane (IUD).
Li-uterine "spirals" li sebelisetsoa ho thibela pelehi. Ba fokotsa boleng ba spermatozoa, ho ntlafatsa thepa ea spermicidal ea endometrium, ho fokotsa ho sebetsa ha lehe, ho khothalletsa antiperistalsis ea li-tublopian tubes.
Haeba ho e-na le mohoete, ho qala ha bokhachane ho sitisoa ke: ho fetoha ha li-tubes le tšebetso ea contractile ea sebete, phetoho ea mekhoa ea metsoako ea endometrium.
Li-hormonal intrauterine (Mirena), ho phaella moo, li sireletsa hormone 'me li bakoa ke liphello tsa meriana ea li-hormone-conditioned.
Litlhaloso tse amanang le IUD: li ke ke tsa sebelisoa nakong ea bokhachane, kankere ea popelong kapa kankere ea mali, ho tsoa mali ha uterine, tšoaetso ea pampiri ea thobalano. Haeba ho ne ho e-na le ectopic pregnancy ka anemnesis, joale tšebeliso ea li-IUD e ka khoneha haeba li-contraceptive tse ling li sa lumellane.
Mekhoa e mebe ea thibelo ea bokhachane.
Tsena li kenyeletsa: likhohlopo tsa banna, li-diaphragm tsa botšehaling, likopi tsa kervic le spermicides.
Mekhoa e mebe ea thibelo ea bokhachane e etsa mekhoa ea ho thibela peo ea botona ho ea botšehaling (khohlopo), 'me molomo oa malapa (caps, diaphragms), o etsa hore peō ea spermicide e se ke ea kena. Li-spermicide li teng ka mefuta e sa tšoaneng - li-creams, li-jellies, matlapa a fofa, liponche.
Ntho e ntle ea mekhoa e meng ea thibelo ea thibelo ea bokhachane ke hore ba na le thepa ka mokhoa o itseng ho thibela ho ata ha mafu a thobalano. Likhohlopo li entsoe ka latex 'me li atleha haholo khahlanong le tšoaetso ea HIV le likokoana-hloko tsa hepatitis B le C.
Ho sebelisoa ha lithibela-pelehi ho sebelisoa haholo linaheng tse ngata tsa lefats'e. Ho atleha ha mofuta ona oa thibelo ea bokhachane ho fihla ho 100%, le hoja maemo a ho ima le kamora 'mala oa boimana a hlalositsoe. Ho bolaea basali ka botlalo ho etsoang ka ho hlahisa li-tublopian tubes ka opereishene ea laparoscopic, le e motona ka ho apara vas deferens. Bothata ba mokhoa ona ke oa ho se buisane.
Koetliso ea pelehiking e sebelisoa ha ketso ea thobalano e sa sireletsoa ke mekhoa e meng e se e etsahetse. Sebelisa matlapa a COC - 2-4, pele ho lihora tse 72 ka mor'a thobalano habeli lihora tse 12.
Dinazol, postinor e jelloa lihora tse 72 tse qalang ka makhetlo a 12.
Hape ho na le mokhoa oa mocheso oa ho thibela pelehi . E itšetlehile ka ho ithiba ho kopanela liphate matsatsi a 3 pele ho moo le matsatsi a 3-4 ka mor'a hore ovulation. Ho tseba hore na letsatsi la ho tlohela li-ovulation le sebelisa tlhahlobo ea mocheso oa basal le tafole. Mananeo a ikhethang a ka kopitsoa Inthaneteng 'me a kenyelle mocheso oa motlakase letsatsi le leng le le leng. Lenane ka boeona le khetholla letsatsi la ho tlohela ho phomola.