Lipalesa tsa semela li na le mebala e sa tšoaneng - ho tloha ho tšoeu ho ea ho lefifi le lefifi. Perianth e ka ba sephara, sekontiri kapa sebopeho sa mokopu. E na le li-leaflets tse tšeletseng tse qhibilihantsoeng, tseo likarolo tsa tsona li seng li kobehile. Lipalesa li bokelloa ka borokho ba inflorescence (bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 2 ho isa ho 8-8), bo ka holimo ho semela ebe bo na le monko o monate. Li-stamens tse tšeletseng, tse kopantsoeng le perianth, li hlophisitsoe ka mela e 2. Pestle e na le ovary e nang le mahlakoreng a mararo, khoele e khutšoanyane ea khoele le sekhobo se mebala e meraro. Litholoana - lebokose.
Lebitso la lona ke lipalesa tse ngata tsa muscari, tse hlokomeloang tse hlalositsoeng ka tlase, tse amohelehang bakeng sa monko o monate oa lipalesa, tse tšoanang le monko oa musk. Li hōla li-steppes, haholo-holo lithabeng tse bulehileng tsa lithaba, metseng e meholo le mehlape ea lithaba. Abela libakeng tsa steppe le Mediterranean tse Europe, Afrika Leboea, Asia. Sebaka sa mofuta ona se akarelletsa mefuta e fetang 60, e ka bang 20 ea eona e hōlang linaheng tsa khale tsa USSR.
Mefuta e mengata e khabisitse, ka lebaka la li-inflorescences tse khanyang le monko o monate.
Mefuta
Mofuta o tummeng ka ho fetisisa mahlabeng a lehlabula-linaha tsa li-florists ke Muscari Armenian (Latin Muscari armeniacum), kapa Muskari Colchic (Latin M. colchicum). Semela sena se fihla bophahamong ba lisenthimithara tse 13-20. Makhasi a sona a bōpehile joaloka lebanta, a moqotetsane, mme o etsa rosette rosette. Lipalesa tse nyenyane li bōpehile joaloka mokopu, monko o monate haholo. Li ka ba mmala o mosoeu, o moputsoa kapa oa violet, o bokelloa ka borokho ba inflorescence, ka linako tse ling o e-na le ponahalo ea bolo ka holim'a peduncle. Palesa ea lipalesa e matla haholo, e ka fihla bolelele ba cm 20. Lipalesa tsa mesifa li hlokomeloa ka May-June matsatsi a 20-25. Ka tlhaho, mofuta ona o hōla lithoteng tsa Transcaucasia le ka leboea-bophirimela ho Turkey.
Muscaria e bōpehile hantle (Latin M. botryoides). Li-inflorescences tsa mefuta ena ke meno e bōpehileng joaloka mohare, meno a masoeu le lesela le pherese. Ha e phahame ho feta Muskari Armenian, e ka bang bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 12. Mefuta e 'meli ea li-muscari ea ho lema li tloaelehile: f. album le f. carneum, e fapaneng le 'mala o mosoeu le o pinki oa lipalesa, ka ho latellana. Ka tlhaho, mofuta ona o hōla Europe Boroa le Bohareng; o khetha libaka le matsoapo a lithabeng.
Muscular ke racemose (Selatine M. racemosum). Mefuta ena e khetholloa ka makhasi a mokhutšoanyane, nako e telele ea peduncle (9-12 cm), nako ea lipalesa matsatsi a 20-30. Lipalesa li na le 'mala o moputsoa kapa o pherese. Ka tlhaho, mefuta ena e tloaelehile Crimea, libakeng tse ka boroa tsa Europe Russia, Bophirimela ho Transcaucasia, Mediterranean le Europe Bohareng.
Muscari crested (Latin M. comosum). Mofuta o khethehileng oa muscari o nang le li-multi-flowered, loose brush. Lipalesa li na le 'mala oa blue-violet. Ka tlhaho semela sena se hōla Afrika Leboea, Asia Boroa Bophirima le Europe Boroa.
Lipalesa Muscari: tlhokomelo
Leseli. Lipalesa tsa Muscari li hōla ka bobeli letsatsing le ka penumbra. Ba na le boikokobetso, kahoo ha ho thata ho ba hlokomela. Mariha-a thata, empa u se ke ua lumella libaka tse fokolang, kaha semela ha e rate metsi a nako e telele. Ha mobu o se o sa hloekisehe, leha ho le joalo, ka moqapi o motle oa mobu, bulbs e kholo le li-inflorescence tse nang le matla a lekaneng li etsa seaparo se phahameng. Muscari e khetha menontsha ea manyolo. Ka mohlala, ho kgothaletswa ho etsa manyolo ka litlama le humus mobung ha u ntse u cheka ka palo ea lik'hilograma tse 5 ka 1m2. Nakong ea lipalesa, muscari e hloka mongobo o ngata, 'me nakong e setseng, ho fapana le hoo, ho khethoa moea o omileng.
Ho ikatisa. Lipalesa tsena li hlahisa li-eiee tsa bulb. Li lokela ho lenngoa ka botebo ba lisenthimithara tse supileng ho isa ho tse 8 'me e le hole le cm 10 ho e mong. Ho kenyelletsa ha eona ho lokela ho etsoa feela ka mor'a lilemo tse 5-7. Ha ho hlaha peo, li lokela ho jaloa kapele ka mor'a kotulo, ho seng joalo li ka felloa ke nako kapele. Peo e nyenyane, e ntšo, e pota-potile, e koahetsoe. Hlokomela hore muscari e atlehile ho atisa ho jala. Ke selemo sa boraro feela lipeo li tla thunya.
Muscari e sebelisoa haholo e le semela se khabisitsoeng, e khabisa ka mohloa, li-curbs le maralla a lithaba. Hangata li lenngoe lipampitšaneng tse kholo.
Theknoloji ea ho qobella. Bakeng sa distillation, Muskari Armenian e sebelisoa, ka nako e 'ngoe Muscari ke setšoantšo se bōpehileng le se pharaletseng. Boemo bo amohelehang ba bulbu ka bophara bo ka bang 6 cm. Boitsebiso ba ho jala bo bolokiloe ka 20-25 ° C, ho tloha ka October, mocheso o fokotsoe ho 17 ° C. Kamore e ntle ea motlakase e lokela ho sebelisoa. Boitsebiso boo bo tlameha ho ba le disinfected pele lema. Ho lema ho khothalletsoa mobung o nang le metsi, empa o tšolotsoe ka mantsoe a latelang: qetellong ea September-November. Soiti ea mobu ha ea lokela ho ba lehlakore. Ha u se u lema, ho hlokahala hore u hloekise boitsebiso boo hantle ebe u bo boloka bo le mongobo o itekanetseng. Puso ea mocheso: 9 0 C bakeng sa libeke tse hlano bakeng sa ho rooting, 5 C bakeng sa libeke tse 11-12. Haeba ho hlokahala ho fokotsa nako ea rooting, theola mocheso ho fihlela ho 1-2 0 C. C. Muscari e thunya libeke tse tharo ka mor'a hore mocheso o nyolohe ho 13-15 ° C.