Litlhapi tse rekiloeng ho motho e mong pele li ka kenngoa ho aquarium tse tloaelehileng li lakatseha hore li behoe kotsing ea letsatsi la 7-8, ka mor'a ho etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na liketsahalo tse bohloko, ho li fetisetsa ho aquarium e kholo. Joaloka sekepe sa metsi-sepetlele, u ka sebelisa laboratori e nyenyane ea li-laboratory kapa ea betere.
Mehato e ka sehloohong e thibelang ho hlaha le ho ata ha maloetse, ena ke lintho tse nepahetseng tsa aquarium le thibelo e nakong. Matšoao a tloaelehileng a lefu la litlhapi a ka nkoa a haelloa ke takatso ea lijo, maqhubu, a lethargic, a phunyeletsa ka tlase le majoe, ho hatelloa ha litlhōrō, haholo-holo ho senya. Litšobotsi tse ling tse khethehileng ke tsa liaparo tsa k'hothone 'meleng oa litlhapi, ho khomarela mapheoana, haholo-holo mohatla, ho phunyeletsa' meleng oohle, tlōlo ea botšepehi ba mahlaseli a ho qetela, ho sheba mahlakoreng, ho phunya mahlo.
Lisosa tsa lefu lena la litlhapi li phalla, liphetoho tsa mocheso ka tšohanyetso, lijo tse sa lokelang, litšila tse nang le litšila, qetellong, tšoaetso ea lijo kapa tlhapi e ncha.
E 'ngoe ea maloetse a tloaelehileng - dermatomycosis, e leng causative agent eo e leng fungus saprolegnia. Mafu ke phello ea serame kapa likotsi. Ho na le moaparo o mosoeu kapa o mosehla, o tšoana le o hloekileng oa boea ba k'hothone. Litlhapi li boloka likarolong tse ka holimo tsa metsi ka lichelete tse entsoeng ka lik'hamphani, li phalla le ho theola boima ba 'mele.
Mehato e atlehang - tšebeliso ea tharollo ea manganese-potasiamo, letsoai le trypaflavinovyh libaka.
Letšoao le nang le lefu le lenngoe sepetleleng se nang le metsi a mocheso oa 24-26 ° 'me a hlatsoe metsotso e 30-90 ho ea bathane ea manganese-acid potassium bath: 1 g potassium permanganate ka 10 a etsang dilitara tse metsi; kapa ka 2-3 lekholong ea letsamo la letsoai: mohopolo - thapopo ka litara e le nngwe ea metsi, nako ea ho lula ke metsotso e 20-30.
Letsoai le letsoai la manganese li kopane kapa li na le trypaflavilovymi (0,6 g ka 100 litres tsa metsi). Ho khothalletsoa ho etsa libaka tse peli ka letsatsi.
Bakeng sa litlhapi tsa labyrinth, libaka tse tlaase tsa mahlaseli, saline 2%, manganese-potasiamo-0.01%.
U ka tšoaea sepakapaka pele ho litlhapi u tlosa ka hloko k'hothone, u etse tlhapi metsotso e 1-3 ho hlatsoa tharollo ea saline kapa potso ea 1% ea potassium permanganate. Joale litlhapi li kenngoa ka tharollo ea 0.5% ea letsoai le tloaelehileng (teaspoon e le 'ngoe ea letsoai ka litara e le nngwe ea metsi) bakeng sa matsatsi a 3-5. Ka pel'a likokoanyana, hlakola ka tharollo ea penicillin ka exmoline (diyuniti tse 300 tsa Penicillin li hlatsoa ka 5 ml ea ekemoline).
Hangata litlhapi lia kula ka boloetse bo matla le bo potlakileng - nhtiofthirius, e bakoang ke ciliated infusoria. Sesosa sena se bakang likokoana-hloko se bapisa pakeng tsa epithelium le mahlahahlaha a letlalo, letlalo le litlolo. Ka matsatsi a 7 e fihlile boholo ba eona. Libakeng tsa mahloriso, ho phatloha ho bosoeu bo bosoeu bo bonahala. The epithelial capsule bursts, 'me ichthyophthirius e hlaha ka metsing, e etsa li-cysts tlase ho aquarium.
Bo-raliphetoana ba bacha ba jala metsing 'me ba tšoaetsa litlhapi. Matšoao - ponahalo ea leqeba le bosoeu le bosoeu. Litlhapi li phahama ka holim'a metsi a mangata, likopi li khomarela hammoho, liso tse nyenyane li bonahala 'meleng.
Kalafo e hloka ho ts'ela metsi a litlhapi kapa ho tlohela litlhapi ho tloha ho aquarium ho ea ho e 'ngoe. Mocheso oa metsi o nyolohela hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang - 27-32 °. E kenyelloa ho veine ea leeto-0.6 1 ka lilithara tse 100 tsa metsi. Ka mor'a lihora tse 5-6, li-cysts lia shoa. Li-ichthyophthirius tse tlas'a epithelium li sala 'me li ke ke tsa kena metsing ho fihlela matsatsi a 6-7 ho feta. Mocheso o phahameng o lokela ho bolokoa mabapi le sena pele ho matsatsi a 7-10.
Ho tšoana haholo le tse ling ke mafu a litlhapi a bakoang ke flatworm-fluke-gyrodactylis le dactylogyris. 'Mele oa litlhapi o koahetsoe ke liaparo tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi. Litlhapi li phunyeletsa majoe le marako a sekepe, li phalla ka har'a metsi. Likopiana tse ho lona li khomarela hammoho, sekoahelo sa gill se senya, likotlo li hlaha likhutlong. Litlhapi li laola moea ka cheseho. Phekolo: libese tsa metsotso e 30 ka potso ea 1% ea potassium permanganate kapa ho hlatsoa ka hydrogen peroxide metsotso e 10-15. Ho lokisa tharollo, nka 60-70 di ml ea 3% ea hydrogen peroxide ka litara e le 1 tsa metsi.
Ho thata haholo ho tseba le ho phekola litlhapi ho tsoa maloetse a ka hare, a ke keng a khethoa ke matšoao a ka ntle. Leha ho le joalo, haeba boitšoaro ba litlhapi bo sa tloaeleha kapa bo shoa ka lebaka le utloahalang, mocheso oa metsi o lokela ho tsosoa. Tšoara ka biomycin ka tekanyo ea letlapa la 1 (li-unit tsa 50 LLC) ka lilithara tse 20 tsa metsi ka letsatsi.
Hangata ha ho tšoaroa li-daphnids kapa cyclops ho tloha matlong a metsi a nang le limela tsa metsing, mokokotlo oa methapo ea methapo ea metsi e oela ka boholo ba lisenthimithara tse 1-1.5. marako le tlase ea aquarium. Karpoeid zhabrohvosty-crustacean-argumentus (tlhapi ea louse) e khomaretse letlalo la tlhapi; ho fepa mali le lero la 'mele oa litlhapi, hoa e tšolla.
Ho senya hydra le karpoeda ho hlokahala ho hloma litlhapi le likoboto, ho phahamisa mocheso metsing a 38-40 °. Ka mor'a matsatsi a 2-3 hydra e tla shoa.
Karpoeod e thata haholo ho senya, kahoo tlhapi e hlahlojoa ka hloko. Haeba e fumanoa, senya ka mabotho a hlabang. Trauma e tšoaroa ka iodine e 1% kapa tharollo e matla ea potassium permanganate.
Ho felisa mesaletsa ea furu, ho rotisa limela le algae ka metsing a leoatle, ho molemo ho boloka litsiko. Litlhapi tse sebetsang li kenyelletsa lijo tse bofubelu bo bosoeu, fezza e khubelu, li-coil tse khubelu, tse ntšo, meadows.