Lintho tse bohlokoahali tsa endocrine ke:
• Sekheo sa Pituitary;
• Botlalo ba qoqotho;
• litšoelesa tsa parathyroid;
• karolo ea endocrine karolo ea liphaka;
• litšoelesa tsa adrenal;
• Litšoelesa tsa ho kopanela liphate (mahe a bomme ho basali le masapole a banna).
Karolo ea lihomone
Mosebetsi oa litšoelesa tsa endocrine o le ho lokolloa ha lihomone ka ho toba ka mali. Li-hormone tse fapaneng li ka ba lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale. Ba fallela ka nako ea mali, ba laolang mosebetsi oa litho tsa sepheo. Lira tsa lisele tsa litho tsena li na le li-receptors tse amohelehang ho hormone e itseng. Ka mohlala, e 'ngoe ea li-hormone e etsa hore lisele tse utloisang bohloko li hlahise motsoako oa motlakase - motlakase adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), e amang liphetoho tsa protheine, polokelo le polokelo ea matla, hammoho le tlhahiso ea li-hormone tse ling. Tse ling tsa litšoelesa tsa endocrine li hlahisa li-hormone tse etsang mesebetsi e itseng 'meleng.
• Gland ea qoqotho
Likarabo haholo-holo bakeng sa taolo ea matla a metabolism, ho hlahisa lihomone tsa thyroxine le triiodothyronine.
• Litšoelesa tsa parathyroid
Li hlahisa hormone ea parathyroid, e amehang tabeng ea tsamaiso ea calcium metabolism.
• Pancreas
Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa lik'hemik'hale ke tlhahiso ea lik'hemik'hale tsa mali. Ho feta moo, e etsa li-hormone insulin le glucagon.
• Litšoelesa tsa Adrenal
Karolo e ka ntle ea adrenals e bitsoa cortex. E hlahisetsa li-hormone tsa corticosteroid, ho kenyeletsa le aldosterone (e amehang molaong oa letsoai la metabolism ea letsoai) le hydrocortisone (e amehang ka mekhoa ea khōlo le ho lokisa mahlaseli). Ho feta moo, cortex e hlahisa li-hormona tsa thobalano tsa banna le tsa basali (androgens le estrogens). Karolo ea kahare ea sekhahla sa adrenal, kapa boko ba boko, e ikarabella bakeng sa tlhahiso ea adrenaline le norepinephrine. Ketso e kopanetsoeng ea lihomone tsena tse peli e tlatsetsa keketseho ea pelo, ho eketseha ha tekanyo ea mali ea mali le ho phalla ha mali ho ea mesifa. Ho feteletseng kapa ho hloka li-hormone ho ka lebisa maloetse a tebileng, ho hlaseloa ha maemo kapa ho shoa. Kakaretso ea taolo ea tlhahiso ea lihomone (palo ea tsona le palo ea excretion) ke boko ba tsamaiso.
Ketso ea pituitary
Gland ea pituitary ke lesela le lekaneng la pea le karolong e ka tlaase ea boko le ho hlahisa lihomone tse fetang 20. Li-hormone tsena li sebetsa ho laola mosebetsi oa sekhukhu oa likarolo tse ling tse ngata tsa endocrine. Palo ea pituitary e na le li-lobe tse peli. Karolo ea anterior (adenohypophysis) e hlahisa li-hormone tse laolang mosebetsi oa litšoelesa tse ling tsa endocrine.
Li-hormone tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa sepheo sa pituitary ke:
• hormone ea qoqotho e susumetsang (TTG) - e susumetsa tlhahiso ea thyroxine ka botlalo ba thyroid;
• hormone ea adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - e eketsa tlhahiso ea lihomone ka li-gland tsa adrenal;
• hormone e susumetsang follicle (FSH) le luteinizing hormone (LH) - etsa hore mosebetsi oa mae a bomme le lihlopha li sebetse;
• Hormone ea ho hōla (HHG).
Ho lobe ka morao ho palo ea pituitary
Karolo e ka morao ea pituitary (neurohypophysis) e ikarabella bakeng sa ho bokella le ho lokolloa ha lihomone tse hlahisitsoeng hypothalamus:
• Vasopressin, kapa anti-hormone (ADH), - e laola molumo oa metsi a hlahisoang ke metsi, e le ho kenya letsoho ho boloka metsi a letsoai;
• oxytocin - e ama mesifa e boreleli ea sebete le mosebetsi oa litšoelesa tsa mammary, ho kenya letsoho mosebetsing oa ho pepa le lactation.
Mochine o bitsoang "system feedback" o lumella pituitary ho fumana hore na ha ho hlokahala ho arola lihomone tse susumetsang li-gland tse tšoanang. Mohlala oa ho ipeha boemong bo itekanetseng ka lebaka la maikutlo a hau ke phello ea li-hormone tsa pitupi ho sireletsang thyroxin. Tlhahiso ea thyroxine e eketsehileng ka qoqotho ea qoqotho e lebisa tlhokomelong ea tlhahiso ea thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ea pituitary. Mosebetsi oa TSH ke ho eketsa tlhahiso ea thyroxine ka qoqotho ea qoqotho. Ho theoha ha boemo ba TSH ho lebisa ho fokotseha ha tlhahiso ea thyroxine. Hang ha tšireletso ea eona e oela mofuteng oa pituitary e arabela ka ho eketsa tlhahiso ea TSH, e tlatsetsang ho boloka nako e lekaneng ea thyroxine 'meleng. Tsamaiso ea likarabo e sebetsa tlasa taolo ea hypothalamus, e fumanang tlhahisoleseling ho tswa ho endocrine le tsamaiso ea methapo. Ho itšetlehile ka boitsebiso bona, hypothalamus e pata peptides e laolang, e ntan'o kenella sekheo sa pituitary.